*Footnotes
*Reference
1961. President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order (E.O.) 10925 used affirmative action for the first time by instructing federal contractors to take "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are treated equally without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." Created the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity.[1]
1964. Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law. This was landmark legislation prohibiting employment discrimination by large employers (over 15 employees), whether or not they have government contracts. Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).[1]
1964. Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law. This was landmark legislation prohibiting employment discrimination by large employers (over 15 employees), whether or not they have government contracts. Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).[1]
1964 Civil Rights Act
Robert Dole: Remarks in San Diego, California - Presidency Project www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=85117 And the California Civil Rights Initiative allows the voters of this state to endorse a great principle. ... the late Senator Hubert Humphrey, the leader of that debate, declaring that if anyone can find preferences or quotas in the language of the '64 Civil Rights Act, in his words, he would start eating the pages one after another.
How the 1964 Civil Rights Act made group rights inevitable www.amnation.com/vfr/archives/002600.html Sep 29, 2004 - How the 1964 Civil Rights Act made group rights inevitable ... the first time the text ofHubert Humphrey's famous “I'll eat the paper it's written ... that Humphrey had said something like: “If this bill brings about quotas, I will eat it.
Do Blacks Need Favors? - George Mason University A MINORITY VIEW
BY WALTER E. WILLIAMS (conservative) WEDNESDAY, JULY 23, 2014 econfaculty.gmu.edu/wew/articles/14/DoBlacksNeedFavors.htm Jul 23, 2014 - Earlier this month, the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act was celebrated. ... . During the act's legislative debate, then-Sen. Hubert Humphrey, responding to predictions, promised, "I'll eat my hat if this leads to racial quotas." I don't know whether Humphrey got around to keeping his promise, but here's my question: Is it within the capacity of black Americans to make it in this society without the special favors variously called racial preferences, quotas, affirmative action and race-sensitive policies?How the 1964 Civil Rights Act made group rights inevitable www.amnation.com/vfr/archives/002600.html Sep 29, 2004 - How the 1964 Civil Rights Act made group rights inevitable ... the first time the text ofHubert Humphrey's famous “I'll eat the paper it's written ... that Humphrey had said something like: “If this bill brings about quotas, I will eat it.
1965. President Lyndon B. Johnson issued E.O. 11246, requiring all government contractors and subcontractors to take affirmative action to expand job opportunities for minorities. Established Office of Federal Contract Compliance (OFCC) in the Department of Labor to administer the order.[1]
1967. President Johnson amended E.O. 11246 to include affirmative action for women. Federal contractors now required to make good-faith efforts to expand employment opportunities for women and minorities.[1]
1970. The Labor Department, under President Richard M. Nixon, issued Order No.4, authorizing flexible goals and timetables to correct "underutilization" of minorities by federal contractors.[1]
1971. Order No.4 was revised to include women.[1]
1971. President Nixon issued E.O. 11625, directing federal agencies to develop comprehensive plans and specific program goals for a national Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) contracting program.[1]
1973. The Nixon administration issued "Memorandum-Permissible Goals and Timetables in State and Local Government Employment Practices," distinguishing between proper goals and timetables and impermissible quotas.[1]
1973 Race Sensitive Admissions - PBS https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/race/summary.html In 1974, the California State Legislature passed several resolutions One of the resolutions essentially called for racial quotas, ordering the University of California to match the racial composition of its student body to that of each year's graduating high school class by 1980. But the UC schools never reached that goal, in part because of several successful legal challenges that classified affirmative action as reverse discrimination.
California faces . . . California's Future: Education for Citizenship in a ...
content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb2r29n7hc;NAAN=13030&doc...
There are many issues here. Before proceeding further, we should recognize some of the contours of our current situation. Despite efforts to the contrary, the three segments of higher education largely continue to reflect the economic and racial structure of California. In 1973 the Joint Committee for Review of the Master Plan for Higher Education recommended the following:
1967. President Johnson amended E.O. 11246 to include affirmative action for women. Federal contractors now required to make good-faith efforts to expand employment opportunities for women and minorities.[1]
1970. The Labor Department, under President Richard M. Nixon, issued Order No.4, authorizing flexible goals and timetables to correct "underutilization" of minorities by federal contractors.[1]
1971. Order No.4 was revised to include women.[1]
1971. President Nixon issued E.O. 11625, directing federal agencies to develop comprehensive plans and specific program goals for a national Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) contracting program.[1]
1973. The Nixon administration issued "Memorandum-Permissible Goals and Timetables in State and Local Government Employment Practices," distinguishing between proper goals and timetables and impermissible quotas.[1]
1973 Race Sensitive Admissions - PBS https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/race/summary.html In 1974, the California State Legislature passed several resolutions One of the resolutions essentially called for racial quotas, ordering the University of California to match the racial composition of its student body to that of each year's graduating high school class by 1980. But the UC schools never reached that goal, in part because of several successful legal challenges that classified affirmative action as reverse discrimination.
California faces . . . California's Future: Education for Citizenship in a ...
content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb2r29n7hc;NAAN=13030&doc...
California faces . . . California's Future: Education for Citizenship in a Multicultural Democracy
THE FINAL REPORT of the JOINT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW OF THE MASTER PLAN FOR HIGHER EDUCATION
MARCH 1989
Each segment of California higher education shall strive to approximate by 1980 the general ethnic, sexual, and economic composition of the recent California high school graduates. (Recommendation #24)
This goal was clear and unambiguous, and ratified by the Legislature though Assembly Resolution 151 (1974, Hughes). Plans were formulated in its service and new programs initiated. The results have been disappointing, as the segments have succeeded only in two areas: women and students from several Asian communities. In the communities of the poor, Latinos, Blacks, recent immigrant Southeast Asians and Pacific Islanders, the numbers reveal a continuing underrepresentation of major proportions. While Latinos and Black Americans comprise nearly 30 percent of our public high school graduates, they make up only 23 percent of first-time freshmen in all of public higher education. And their numbers are hugely concentrated in our community colleges.
Karabel report Freshman Admissions at Berkeley - Academic Senate - UC Berkeley
academic-senate.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/karabel_report.pdf
May 20, 1988 - Figure 1: Projected California High School Graduates (Public and ... of the state's graduating seniors) who wished to attend Berkeley were ..... Resolution #151, passed in 1974, and once again, by Assembly Concurrent.
Thus in 1973, the Joint Committee on the Master Plan, in the first major revision of the 1960 Master Plan, recommended that ”Each segment of California public higher education shall strive to approximate by 1980 the general ethnic, sexual and economic composition of the recent high school graduates.”l8 This principle of broad representativeness was ratified by Assembly Concurrent Resolution #151, passed in 1974, and once again, by Assembly Concurrent Resolution #83 passed in 1983.19 Most recently, the Joint Committee for Review of the Master Plan for Higher Education recommended that “Each segment of California public igher education shall strive to approximate by the year 2000 the general ethnic, gender, economic, and regional composition of recent high school graduates, both in first-year classes and subsequent college and university graduating
classes.”20
Resolutions California General assembly in 1974 and 1984 directed diversity.. Administrators have interpreted this to mean entering classes should approximately reflect proportions of the graduating high school classs
In 1988,
UCLA produced GPA and SAT disparities
3.45 951 Af Am
3.60 966 Chicanos
4.03 1182 Asian
3.97 1186 Whites
In practical terms, any targeted minority who is minimally eligible into the UC system is given a spot at the most prestigious schools while non-target must meet much higher standards
must be noted that the effects of race-based admissions are largely localized at UC Berkeley and UCLA and have done little to help the UC system achieve its impossible goal of matching the ethnic proportions of the graduating high school class. Asian americans gained 14.9 to 27.8 while white decreased from 68.2 to 45.1.
1994
African American 7.3 grad 4.3 UC freshmen
Hispanic 30.8 15.6
UC Berkeley 8.4 African Am 19.9 Hispanic meet black "goal"
UCLA 7.5 African Am 22.3 Hispanic
In the end, it is clear that UC administrators are committed to proportional representation and that they will attempt to achieve it by any available means. https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1709&context=ndjlepp
1978. The U.S. Supreme Court in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 912 (1978) upheld the use of race as one factor in choosing among qualified applicants for admission. At the same time, it also ruled unlawful the University Medical School's practice of reserving 18 seats in each entering class of 100 for disadvantaged minority students.[1]
1979. President Jimmy Carter issued E.O. 12138, creating a National Women's Business Enterprise Policy and requiring each agency to take affirmative action to support women's business enterprises.[1]
1979. The Supreme Court ruled in United Steel Workers of America, AFL-CIO v. Weber, 444 U.S. 889 (1979) that race-conscious affirmative action efforts designed to eliminate a conspicuous racial imbalance in an employer's workforce resulting from past discrimination are permissible if they are temporary and do not violate the rights of white employees.[1]
1983. President Ronald Reagan issued E.O. 12432, which directed each federal agency with substantial procurement or grant making authority to develop a Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) development plan[1].
This goal was clear and unambiguous, and ratified by the Legislature though Assembly Resolution 151 (1974, Hughes). Plans were formulated in its service and new programs initiated. The results have been disappointing, as the segments have succeeded only in two areas: women and students from several Asian communities. In the communities of the poor, Latinos, Blacks, recent immigrant Southeast Asians and Pacific Islanders, the numbers reveal a continuing underrepresentation of major proportions. While Latinos and Black Americans comprise nearly 30 percent of our public high school graduates, they make up only 23 percent of first-time freshmen in all of public higher education. And their numbers are hugely concentrated in our community colleges.
Karabel report Freshman Admissions at Berkeley - Academic Senate - UC Berkeley
academic-senate.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/karabel_report.pdf
May 20, 1988 - Figure 1: Projected California High School Graduates (Public and ... of the state's graduating seniors) who wished to attend Berkeley were ..... Resolution #151, passed in 1974, and once again, by Assembly Concurrent.
Thus in 1973, the Joint Committee on the Master Plan, in the first major revision of the 1960 Master Plan, recommended that ”Each segment of California public higher education shall strive to approximate by 1980 the general ethnic, sexual and economic composition of the recent high school graduates.”l8 This principle of broad representativeness was ratified by Assembly Concurrent Resolution #151, passed in 1974, and once again, by Assembly Concurrent Resolution #83 passed in 1983.19 Most recently, the Joint Committee for Review of the Master Plan for Higher Education recommended that “Each segment of California public igher education shall strive to approximate by the year 2000 the general ethnic, gender, economic, and regional composition of recent high school graduates, both in first-year classes and subsequent college and university graduating
classes.”20
Resolutions California General assembly in 1974 and 1984 directed diversity.. Administrators have interpreted this to mean entering classes should approximately reflect proportions of the graduating high school classs
In 1988,
UCLA produced GPA and SAT disparities
3.45 951 Af Am
3.60 966 Chicanos
4.03 1182 Asian
3.97 1186 Whites
In practical terms, any targeted minority who is minimally eligible into the UC system is given a spot at the most prestigious schools while non-target must meet much higher standards
must be noted that the effects of race-based admissions are largely localized at UC Berkeley and UCLA and have done little to help the UC system achieve its impossible goal of matching the ethnic proportions of the graduating high school class. Asian americans gained 14.9 to 27.8 while white decreased from 68.2 to 45.1.
1994
African American 7.3 grad 4.3 UC freshmen
Hispanic 30.8 15.6
UC Berkeley 8.4 African Am 19.9 Hispanic meet black "goal"
UCLA 7.5 African Am 22.3 Hispanic
In the end, it is clear that UC administrators are committed to proportional representation and that they will attempt to achieve it by any available means. https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1709&context=ndjlepp
1979. President Jimmy Carter issued E.O. 12138, creating a National Women's Business Enterprise Policy and requiring each agency to take affirmative action to support women's business enterprises.[1]
1979. The Supreme Court ruled in United Steel Workers of America, AFL-CIO v. Weber, 444 U.S. 889 (1979) that race-conscious affirmative action efforts designed to eliminate a conspicuous racial imbalance in an employer's workforce resulting from past discrimination are permissible if they are temporary and do not violate the rights of white employees.[1]
1983. President Ronald Reagan issued E.O. 12432, which directed each federal agency with substantial procurement or grant making authority to develop a Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) development plan[1].
1985. Efforts by some in the Reagan administration to repeal Executive Order 11246 were thwartedby defenders of affirmative action, including other Reagan administration officials, members of Congress from both parties, civil rights organizations and corporate leaders.[1]
1986. The Supreme Court in Local 128 of the Sheet Metal Workers' International Association v. EEOC, 478 U.S. 421 (1986) upheld a judicially-ordered 29% minority "membership admission goal" for a union that had intentionally discriminated against minorities, confirming that courts may order race- conscious relief to correct and prevent future discrimination.[1]
1987. The Supreme Court ruled in Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara County, California, 480 U.S. 616 (1987) that a severe under representation of women and minorities justified the use of race or sex as "one factor" in choosing among qualified candidates.[1]
1989. The Supreme Court in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (1989) struck down Richmond's minority contracting program as unconstitutional, requiring that a state or local affirmative action program be supported by a "compelling interest" and be narrowly tailored to ensure that the program furthers that interest.[1]
1994. In Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 513 U.S. 1012 (1994) the Supreme Court held that a federal affirmative action program remains constitutional when narrowly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest such as remedying discrimination.[1]
1995. President Bill Clinton reviewed all affirmative action guidelines by federal agencies and declared his support for affirmative action programs by announcing the Administration's policy of "Mend it, don't end it."[1]
1995. Senator Robert Dole and Representative Charles Canady introduced the so-called Equal Opportunity Act in Congress. The act would prohibit race- or gender-based affirmative action in all federal programs.[1]
1995. The Regents of the University of California voted to end affirmative action programs at all University of California campuses. Beginning in 1997 for graduate schools and 1998 for undergraduate admissions, officials at the University were no longer allowed to use race, gender, ethnicity or national origin as a factor in admissions decisions.[1]
1995. The bipartisan Glass Ceiling Commission released a report on the endurance of barriers that deny women and minorities access to decision-making positions and issued a recommendation "that corporate America use affirmative action as a tool ensuring that all qualified individuals have equal access and opportunity to compete based on ability and merit."[1]
1996. California's Proposition 209 passed by a narrow margin in the November election. Prop. 209 abolished all public-sector affirmative action programs in the state in employment, education and contracting. Clause (C) of Prop. 209 permits gender discrimination that is "reasonably necessary" to the "normal operation" of public education, employment and contracting.[1]
1996. In Texas v. Hopwood, 518 U.S. 1033 (1996) the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled against the University of Texas, deciding that its law school's policy of considering race in the admissions process was a violation of the Constitution's equal-protection guarantee. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal of the ruling because the program at issue was no longer in use.[1]
1997. Voters in Houston supported affirmative action programs in city contracting and hiring by rejecting an initiative that would banish such efforts. Houston proved that the wording on an initiative is a critical factor in influencing the voters' response. Instead of deceptively focusing attention on "preferential treatment, " voters were asked directly if they wanted to "end affirmative action programs. " They said no.[1]
1997. The U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear a challenge to California's Prop. 209. By declining to review the case, the court did not decide the case on its merits but allowed Prop. 209 to go into effect.[1]
1997. The U.S. House Judiciary Committee voted 17-9, on a bipartisan basis, to defeat legislation aimed at dismantling federal affirmative action programs for women and minorities. Representative George Gekas (R-Pa.), who moved to table the bill, said that the bill was "useless and counterproductive. I fear that forcing the issue at this time could jeopardize the daily progress being made in ensuring equality."[1]
1997. Bill Lann Lee was appointed Acting Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights after facing opposition to his confirmation because of his support for affirmative action when he worked for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.[1]
1997. Lawsuits were filed against the University of Michigan and the University of Washington School of Law regarding their use of affirmative action policies in admissions standards.[1]
1997. In response to Hopwood, the Texas legislature passed the Texas Ten Percent Plan, which ensures that the top ten percent of students at all high schools in Texas have guaranteed admission to the University of Texas and Texas A&M system, including the two flagships, UT – Austin and A&M College Station.[1]
1998. Both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate thwartedattempts to eliminate specific affirmative action programs. Both houses rejected amendments to abolish the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise program funded through the Transportation Bill, and the House rejected an attempt to eliminate use of affirmative action in admissions in higher education programs funded through the Higher Education Act.[1]
1998. Ban on use of affirmative action in admissions at the University of California went into effect. UC Berkeley had a 61% drop in admissions of African American, Latino/a and Native American students, and UCLA had a 36% decline.[1]
1998. Voters in Washington passed Initiative 200 banning [race preferences and] affirmative action in higher education, public contracting, and hiring.[1]
2000. Many Circuit Courts throughout the country heard cases regarding affirmative action in higher education, including the 5th Circuit in Texas (Hopwood), the 6th Circuit in Michigan (Grutter and Gratz), the 9th Circuit in Washington (Smith), and the 11th Circuit in Georgia (Johnson). The same District Court in Michigan made two different rulings regarding affirmative action in Michigan, with one judge deciding that the undergraduate program was constitutional while another judge found the law school program unconstitutional.[1]
2000. The Florida legislature passed “One Florida” Plan, banning affirmative action. The program also included the Talented 20% Plan that guarantees the top 20% admission to the University of Florida system.[1]
2000. In an effort to promote equal pay, the US Department of Labor promulgated new affirmative action regulations including an Equal Opportunity Survey, which requires federal contractors to report hiring, termination, promotions and compensation data by minority status and gender. This is the first time in history that employers have been required to report information regarding compensation by gender and minority status to the federal equal employment agencies.[1]
2000. The 10th Circuit issued an opinion in Adarand Constructors v. Mineta, 228 F.3d 1147 (10th Cir. 2000) and ruled that the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise as administered by the Department of Transportation was constitutional because it served a compelling government interest and was narrowly tailored to achieve that interest. The court also analyzed the constitutionality of the program in use when Adarand first filed suit in 1989 and determined that the previous program was unconstitutional. Adarand then petitioned the Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari.[1]
2001. In Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Mineta, 534 U.S. 103 (2001) the Supreme Court dismissed the case as “improvidently granted”, thereby leaving undisturbed the 10th Circuit’s decision, which upheld the government’s revised federal contracting program.[1]
2001. California enacted a new plan allowing the top 12.5% of high school student’s admission to the UC system, either for all four years or after two years outside the system, and guaranteeing the top 4% of all high school seniors’ admission into the UC system.[1]
2002. The Sixth Circuit handed down its decision in Grutter v. Bollinger, 288 F.3d 732 (6th Cir. 2002) on May 14, 2002, and upheld as constitutional the use of race as one of many factors in making admissions decisions at the University of Michigan’s Law School.[1]
2003. The Supreme Court handed down its decisions in Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S.(2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. (2003). In Grutter, the Court held that the University of Michigan’s use of race among other factors in its law school admissions program was constitutional because the program furthered a compelling interest in obtaining “an educational benefit that flows from student body diversity”. The Court also found that the law school’s program was narrowly tailored; it was flexible, and provided for a “holistic” review of each applicant. In Gratz, the Court rejected the undergraduate admissions program at the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, which granted points based on race and ethnicity and did not provide for a review of each applicant’s entire file.[1]
If Equality Requires Proportional Representation, Affirmative Action Requires Quotas
15 January 2012
One of the most tiresome and unbelievable claims of the pro-preference left is its denial that affirmative action means quotas.
It doesn’t? That would surprise both minority group spokesmen and city officials in Davenport, Iowa.
Leaders in Davenport’s minority community say racial inequality in the city’s hiring and contracting practices need to change, and they hope to meet with the mayor and city administrator.
The Affirmative Action Citizens Group, which met Friday at Gospel Mission Temple, also wants the city to hire a full-time affirmative action officer to oversee the policies that could be enacted to ease the inequality they see and follow the recommendations of a disparity study completed in 2009.
“It doesn’t take a genius to look at this data to see the need to reverse this under-representation,” said Brenda Drew-Peeples, a Davenport lawyer. “We are appalled at these figures. The data in this report is unacceptable.”
Nor does it take a genius to look at the heated claim that “under-representation” demonstrates “inequality” to see that those who believe equality requires proportional representation also believe that affirmative action requires quotas.
About Affirmative Action, Diversity and Inclusion - American ...
https://www.aaaed.org/aaaed/About_Affirmative_Action__Diversity_and_Inclusion.asp
Jul 21, 2014 - President Kennedy incorporated the concept of “affirmative action” Q'S & A'S ON AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ARE GOALS INTENDED TO ACHIEVE PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OR EQUAL RESULTS? Not at all. Numerical goals do not create guarantees for specific groups or preferences, nor are they designed to achieve proportional representation or equal results. [false] DOES AFFIRMATIVE ACTION UNDER EXECUTIVE ORDER 11246 CONFLICT WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF MERIT? No. In seeking to achieve its goals, an employer is never required to hire a person who does not have the qualifications needed to perform the job successfully. Affirmative action prevents discrimination; it does not cause it.
https://www.aaaed.org/aaaed/About_Affirmative_Action__Diversity_and_Inclusion.asp
Jul 21, 2014 - President Kennedy incorporated the concept of “affirmative action” Q'S & A'S ON AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ARE GOALS INTENDED TO ACHIEVE PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OR EQUAL RESULTS? Not at all. Numerical goals do not create guarantees for specific groups or preferences, nor are they designed to achieve proportional representation or equal results. [false] DOES AFFIRMATIVE ACTION UNDER EXECUTIVE ORDER 11246 CONFLICT WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF MERIT? No. In seeking to achieve its goals, an employer is never required to hire a person who does not have the qualifications needed to perform the job successfully. Affirmative action prevents discrimination; it does not cause it.
Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy Says She Doesn't Need to Cater to Male Star Wars Fans ...
comicbook.com/.../lucasfilm-president-kathleen-kennedy-says-she-doesnt-need-to-cat/
Nov 29, 2016 - Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy was hand-picked by George ... So when criticism from a select group of fans at having a second female lead in a row, . "I have a responsibility to the company that I work with. I don't feel that I have a responsibility to cater in some way [to those particular fans]," Kennedy told the New York Times in an interview focused around Jones. "I would never just seize on saying, 'Well, this is a franchise that's appealed primarily to men for many, many years, and therefore I owe men something.'" ReedPOP reporting their Star Wars Celebration conventions of the last several years have been attended by nearly perfect 50/50 splits of women to men. Kennedy came under fire last week by fans on both sides of the argument when she talked about her committment to finding a female director for the Star Wars franchise in an upcoming film, but also expressed her desire to cultivate one from a pool of smaller features and TV, opining that there weren't many ready to handle a major tentpole on little experience. criticized her for wanting a female director in the future at all, humming the familiar tune of "just choose the best person for the job, no mandate needed," while another group critized the Lucasfilm president for saying she wants a female director with experience who is "set up for success."
Kathleen Kennedy Says Female Directors Don’t Have Enough Experience for ‘Star Wars’ by William Bibbiani Nov 27th, 2016 Yes, it’s an exciting new world of opportunities, one in which it seems anyone could conceivably do anything. Unless you’re a woman of course, and you want to direct a Star Wars film, because according to LucasFilm chief Kathleen Kennedy, in a recent interview with Variety, they’re having a hard time finding women with enough filmmaking “experience” to tackle a film on the epic Star Wars scale. “We want to make sure that when we bring a female director in to do Star Wars,” they’re set up for success,” Kathleen Kennedy told the publication. “They’re gigantic films, and you can’t come into them with essentially no experience.”
Yeah, because there’s no way that someone could make a great Star Wars movie unless they’ve had some experience directing gigantic movies, right?
Unless of course you’re George Lucas, Irvin Kirshner and Richard Marquand, the filmmakers who gave us the original, iconic Star Wars trilogy. None of them had directed a large-budget blockbuster before they directed a Star Wars movie, and their episodes turned out pretty good
Regardless, telling a whole world of female filmmakers that they’re not ready for “the big leagues” is a significant mistake, and one that doesn’t seem to fit the world of possibilities that LucasFilm currently seems to committed to opening up within the Star Wars universe. Apparently a woman can become a powerful Jedi based purely on talent, but she can’t become a blockbuster filmmaker for LucasFilm unless some other studio takes a chance on her first.
The Women of 'Star Wars.' (It's Not Who You Think.) - The New York ... https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/movies/star-wars-women-visual-effects.html Feb 10, 2017 - Behind the scenes, female executives and visual effects experts ... In 2016, women represented 19 percent of all of behind-the-scenes ... “The first step is for people in leadership to say this is not acceptable,” ... Ms. Kennedy may help fulfill this vision if she hires a woman to direct a future “Star Wars” film.
April 2018 Lucasfilm Manager Says Female Directed Star Wars Movie Will Happen Apr 16, 2018 - Lucasfilm's General Manager Lynwen Brennan claims a female directed Star Wars moviewill be on the way sooner than later. https://movieweb.com/star-wars-movies-female-director-lucasfilm-general-manager-responds/ As fantastic and inspiring as the Star Wars movies may be, they commonly fall under fire for one serious issue: Their lack of female directors Variety released a statistic about Star Wars that infuriated a lot of people: 96% of the franchise's writers and directors have been white males with diversity now becoming one of the most important things in Hollywood. Unfortunately, this hasn't seemed to be a priority at Lucasfilm. "I think it's certainly something we're keen on and there are some fantastic directors out there. It's going to happen!... [Kathleen Kennedy's] leadership team has always been 50 percent women because they happen to be the best at their job. [We at Industrial Light & Magic] haven't had a quota at that leadership stage. However, we are getting a lot more pragmatic and specific about not accepting the level we have regarding women in visual effects and technology." Hopefully one day, the statistic of male dominance in Star Wars featured in Variety will become a much smaller number than 96%.
ILM Is Looking For Female VFX Experts | Jedi Temple Archives www.jeditemplearchives.com/2018-04-23-ilm-is-looking-for-female-vfx-experts/ Apr 23, 2018 -t Lynwen Brennan, General Manager of Lucasfilm and President of ILM who has worked ILM for almost 20 years, wants more girls to know that the world of visual effects, film engineering and many other roles behind the camera are not just for computer and maths whizzes.
Lynwen Brennan | Industrial Light & Magic
https://www.ilm.com/people/lynwen-brennan/ As President and General Manager of Industrial Light & Magic, Lynwen Brennan is responsible for all production and business aspects of the company and its ...
'Star Wars' Diversity Problmen: Kathleen Kennedy Is Her Own Worst Enemy
https://theplaylist.net/star-wars-diversity-problme-kennedy-20180309/
Mar 9, 2018 - "Star Wars" has a diversity problem, and Kathleen Kennedy, ... other lead femalecharacters) in the popular animated show “Star Wars Rebels.Just yesterday, on International Women’s Day of all days, Lucasfilm issued a press release naming “Iron Man” helmer Jon Favreau as the newest filmmaker to join the “Star Wars” ranks, named an executive producer and writer of the live-action TV series set to debut on Disney’s streaming service. This announcement and its decidedly poor timing have reignited the fire with fans wondering why no women, or person of color, has been hired to helm a “Star Wars” project. Since the Disney purchase in 2012, Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy has hired a variety of filmmakers to helm “Star Wars” projects. J.J. Abrams (twice), Rian Johnson, Colin Trevorrow, Phil Lord, Chris Miller, Josh Trank, Ron Howard, Gareth Edwards (and perhaps Tony Gilroy), David Benioff, D.B. Weiss, and now, Jon Favreau. That’s 12 filmmakers in 6 years, and each one of them is a white man. As they say, two is a coincidence; three’s a trend…and 12 is, well, problematic to say the least. Now, the standard rebuttal to this trend is that Kennedy is hiring filmmakers who she thinks are the “best people for the job.” Of course, everyone wants Lucasfilm to hire the best filmmaker for the task, but the question remains, are white men the only suitable candidates to direct “Star Wars” films? “There’s nothing we’d like more than to find a female director for Star Wars,” Kennedy said, in an early 2015 interview around the release of “Star Wars: The Force Awakens.”
The Women of 'Star Wars.' (It's Not Who You Think.) - The New York ... https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/movies/star-wars-women-visual-effects.html Feb 10, 2017 - Behind the scenes, female executives and visual effects experts ... In 2016, women represented 19 percent of all of behind-the-scenes ... “The first step is for people in leadership to say this is not acceptable,” ... Ms. Kennedy may help fulfill this vision if she hires a woman to direct a future “Star Wars” film.
March 4, 2018 Inclusion Rider Discrimination The term came into popular prominence when at the 2018 Academy Awards March 4, 2018 actress Frances McDormand said at the end of her acceptance speech, "I have two words to leave with you tonight, ladies and gentlemen: inclusion rider!"[10][11]idea was developed by Dr. Stacy L. Smith, professor at the University of Southern California, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism[2], in a 2014 op-ed for The Hollywood Reporter[3] and in her 2016 TED talk[4].
And then she says:
“At the moment 75% of the people in visual effects are men and that’s unacceptable. Our ratio at ILM is better than that, but it’s still not enough.”
“At the moment 75% of the people in visual effects are men and that’s unacceptable. Our ratio at ILM is better than that, but it’s still not enough.”
So, how will ILM and Lynwen Brennan go about to achieve their goal? Will they stop hiring men and only hire women until there is a near 50% quota? Will they lay off some male VFX experts and replace them with women? Or will they conscript young girls and force them to work in VFX even though they’d rather be a teacher or nurse? Lynwen Brennan does not elaborate on that point.
One has to wonder how the male VFX experts at ILM feel when they read this interview by their boss. Maybe some of them should look into retraining to become nurses or teachers.
And let’s hope Solo: A Star Wars Story will still be a fun movie with great VFX, despite only 25% women working on them.
Lynwen Brennan | Industrial Light & Magic
https://www.ilm.com/people/lynwen-brennan/ As President and General Manager of Industrial Light & Magic, Lynwen Brennan is responsible for all production and business aspects of the company and its ...
'Star Wars' Diversity Problmen: Kathleen Kennedy Is Her Own Worst Enemy
https://theplaylist.net/star-wars-diversity-problme-kennedy-20180309/
Mar 9, 2018 - "Star Wars" has a diversity problem, and Kathleen Kennedy, ... other lead femalecharacters) in the popular animated show “Star Wars Rebels.Just yesterday, on International Women’s Day of all days, Lucasfilm issued a press release naming “Iron Man” helmer Jon Favreau as the newest filmmaker to join the “Star Wars” ranks, named an executive producer and writer of the live-action TV series set to debut on Disney’s streaming service. This announcement and its decidedly poor timing have reignited the fire with fans wondering why no women, or person of color, has been hired to helm a “Star Wars” project. Since the Disney purchase in 2012, Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy has hired a variety of filmmakers to helm “Star Wars” projects. J.J. Abrams (twice), Rian Johnson, Colin Trevorrow, Phil Lord, Chris Miller, Josh Trank, Ron Howard, Gareth Edwards (and perhaps Tony Gilroy), David Benioff, D.B. Weiss, and now, Jon Favreau. That’s 12 filmmakers in 6 years, and each one of them is a white man. As they say, two is a coincidence; three’s a trend…and 12 is, well, problematic to say the least. Now, the standard rebuttal to this trend is that Kennedy is hiring filmmakers who she thinks are the “best people for the job.” Of course, everyone wants Lucasfilm to hire the best filmmaker for the task, but the question remains, are white men the only suitable candidates to direct “Star Wars” films? “There’s nothing we’d like more than to find a female director for Star Wars,” Kennedy said, in an early 2015 interview around the release of “Star Wars: The Force Awakens.”
From Jurassic Park to Star Wars and Marvel, this Welsh woman ...
https://www.walesonline.co.uk › Lifestyle › Showbiz › Star WarsApr 7, 2018 - Lynwen Brennan was born in Pembrokeshire. She is now general manager of Lucasfilm and President of Industrial Light and Magic which and ...
Lucasfilm's Lynwen Brennan discusses industry equality and a female ...
www.fanthatracks.com › News › Film, Music & TV
Apr 14, 2018 - Lucasfilm General Manager, and President of ILM, Lynwen Brennan has spoken with her national newspaper, the Welsh Western Mail, about ...
“Kathy’s [Kathleen Kennedy, Lucasfilm’s president] leadership team has always been 50% women because they happen to be the best at their job. We haven’t had a quota at that leadership stage, however we are getting a lot more pragmatic and specific about not accepting the level we have regarding women in visual effects and technology.
“At the moment 75% of the people in visual effects are men and that’s unacceptable. Our ratio at ILM is better than that, but it’s still not enough.”
And, yes, there’s definitely plans for a female Star Wars director.
“I think it’s certainly something we’re keen on and there are some fantastic directors out there,” said Lywnen. “It’s going to happen!
“I think it’s certainly something we’re keen on and there are some fantastic directors out there,” said Lywnen. “It’s going to happen!
Don't fire Kathleen Kennedy over Solo - The Week
theweek.com/articles/775857/dont-fire-kathleen-kennedy-over-solo
Jun 6, 2018 - Kennedy took the reins just before that purchase, during Star Wars' most ... some fans perceive as the insertion of "SJW politics" into Star Wars, ...
o aggrieved are some Star Wars fans by behind-the-scenes missteps at Lucasfilm and by last year's divisive The Last Jedi that the disappointing box office receipts of Solo: A Star Wars Story, which is now expected to lose somewhere between $50 million to $80 million, feel downright apocalyptic for the brand. Never mind the critical and financial merits of the other Disney-era entries; in the hyperbolic hellscape of online film discourse, one minor dud spells doom. But she's done nothing to warrant this level of abuse. Disney should keep her around.
Much of the vehement backlash against Kennedy has to do with what some fans perceive as the insertion of "SJW politics" into Star Wars, a franchise that — literally from the beginning — was about a minority military faction rebelling against a tyrannical, nationalist intergalactic government. Under Kennedy, Star Wars has grown into a more multicultural, female-driven franchise, which is thematically appropriate for the storytelling Lucas put in place — indeed, his original treatment for Episode VII also had Luke training a female protagonist, and his work was always about the disenfranchised rallying against racist, totalitarian ideologies.
Kathleen Kennedy Is Ruining Star Wars With Her Feminist Agenda
https://www.theodysseyonline.com/kathleen-kennedy-ruining-star-wars-feminist-agenda Teela Sammons
Mar 11, 2018 (woman star wars fan) In their place, Kathleen has inserted Leia and Rey in the roles of lead characters to make Star Wars morefemale friendly. Let me just say this; Star Wars was ...“The Force Is Female”? Really? Give me a break!
Let me start by saying that I AM NOT a feminist! That being said, Kathleen Kennedy is destroying one of the best movie franchises that exist. The Last Jedi was overrun with the female characters and the male characters have been reduced to being hot-headed fools who can’t do anything right and need a woman in charge to make sure that the right decisions be made.
Kathleen Kennedy thinks that women can’t relate to the Star Wars male characters like Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader, and Han Solo. In their place, Kathleen has inserted Leia and Rey in the roles of lead characters to make Star Wars more female friendly. Let me just say this; Star Wars was created by a man. George Lucas wrote and created this magnificent tale. The first fans to flock to it were MALE. I mean sure there probably was a few female fans, but it was mostly directed at the male audience.
The feminist agenda is starting to take over the Star Wars saga and ruin a fictionary tale that has been treasured by fans all over the globe, male and female.
Kathleen Kennedy thinks that women can’t relate to the Star Wars male characters like Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader, and Han Solo. In their place, Kathleen has inserted Leia and Rey in the roles of lead characters to make Star Wars more female friendly. Let me just say this; Star Wars was created by a man. George Lucas wrote and created this magnificent tale. The first fans to flock to it were MALE. I mean sure there probably was a few female fans, but it was mostly directed at the male audience.
The feminist agenda is starting to take over the Star Wars saga and ruin a fictionary tale that has been treasured by fans all over the globe, male and female.
Rey is made out to be the strongest character in this movie. The male characters are made out to be stupid and unconfident in their abilities. Let’s take Finn for example, he’s a Storm Trooper for the First Order. He’s unsure of his place and decides to rebel against the First Order. In doing so he meets Poe, a pilot for the Rebellion.
Kathleen Kennedy is phasing out the male heroes of the Star Wars saga. She’s turning it all female. “The Force Is Female”? Really? Give me a break! She’s turning it into an all-girls’ world. She is making it “Female Friendly” at the expense of losing millions of male fans. In my opinion, women are welcome in the Star Wars saga but not to take over.
If you want more female involvement, go invent your own story, Kathleen! Don’t ruin Star Wars because you think that the females of the story should be in charge
Grace Randolph (woman critic)
video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16OOgx63Xts Kathleen Kennedy, Star Wars feminist? Today Beyond The Trailer host Grace Randolph gives her reaction to Kathleen Kennedy's recent comments about[slamming] male fans and female directors, plus a breakdown of women in Star Wars - both lead white brunettes like Rey and Jyn Erso, as well as the search for a female director. She thinks she is the solution but really part of the problem Both her movies have female leads
Kathleen Kennedy is a social climber who made her career by riding on the back of Spielberg and George Lucas. She stayed in their shadow all these years and for the first time she was fully in charge of a movie, she took her revenge on the directors she owes everything to but aren't known for being partticularly femisnists. She produced movies for more than 30 years, not a single one has a badass female lead. Only when Lucas handed her over Star Wars , a franchise that is a guaranteed winner , she made her feminist fantasy. And the Rogue One movie exposed her agenda if anyone was still doubting after Force Awakens.
So my take away from this video was this. People in entertainment should focus on making good quality entertainment instead of working in and focusing on some kind of political agenda. I couldn't agree more.
The Force Awakens could have been done so much better, I don't care about what gender the lead character is but they could have gone a whole different and original direction with the story instead of copy and pasting the main story elements from A New Hope.
Kathleen Kennedy on strong female roles in Star Wars
https://dorksideoftheforce.com/.../kathleen-kennedy-rey-is-extremely-significant-to-st...
Oct 14, 2015 - Kathleen Kennedy — Rey is Extremely Significant to Star Wars ... at the time, to cast afemale lead in a cast chocked full of alpha-males.
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