Police considered the attack an act of terrorism. Rakhmat Akilov, a 39-year-old rejected
asylum seeker born in the
Soviet Union and a citizen of
Uzbekistan, was apprehended the same day, suspected on probable cause of
terrorist crimes through murder (a Swedish legal term). Swedish police said he has expressed sympathy with extremist organizations, among them the
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL),
[6] and Uzbek authorities said he had allegedly joined ISIL before the attack.
[7] According to the head prosecutor, Akilov had sworn his allegiance to the Islamic State in a self-recorded video the day before the attack.
[8] Akilov admitted to carrying out the attack at a pre-trial hearing on 11 April.
Rakhmat Akilov was sentenced to
life in prison and lifetime expulsion from Sweden on 7 June 2018.
[9]
Akilov chose to attack during an afternoon as there were many people and tourists in the area.
[10] Akilov recorded a number of films in the
Odenplan area where he is heard saying that it is time to kill "infidels" and that it grieved him how Muslims in the Levant and Afghanistan were dying.
[11] The attack took place at about 14:53 local time. It began when a truck for the
Spendrups brewery was
hijacked while making a delivery on the street Adolf Fredriks kyrkogata in central Stockholm. According to a Spendrups press release, the driver attempted to stop the hijacker by standing in front of the truck, but had to jump out of the way and was slightly injured when the hijacker accelerated towards him.
[12][13]
The hijacker then drove the truck at high speed into a pedestrian street, going about 500 metres (1,600 ft) down
Drottninggatan, one of Stockholm's main shopping streets, hitting pedestrians along the way. Witnesses said the hijacker attempted to target children as he zigzagged on the street.
[14] The attack ended when the truck rammed the
Åhléns Citydepartment store on the corner of Drottninggatan and Mäster Samuelsgatan. The truck caught fire, but the flames were quickly doused by firefighters. The hijacker jumped out and fled the scene.
[15]
A homemade bomb was reportedly found in the truck after it was abandoned by the hijacker. Police sources said the device was found in a bag and had not been detonated, adding that the attacker had been burned by it. National Police Commissioner
Dan Eliasson later said they had found a suspicious object in the driver's seat that "could be a bomb or an incendiary device", and was pending further investigation.
[16]
Casualties[edit]
Five people died as a result of the attack. Four of the victims who were killed at the scene or died in hospital shortly thereafter were identified as British
Spotifyexecutive Chris Bevington, 41,
[17] Belgian psychologist Maïlys Dereymaeker, 31,
[18] and Swedes Lena Wahlberg, 69,
[19] and Ebba Åkerlund, 11.
[20] 66-year-old Marie Kide, also Swedish, died in hospital three weeks after the attack.
[21] In a press release on the day of the attack, the
Stockholm County Council said that 15 people were being treated in hospitals, nine for serious injuries.
[22]
Aftermath[edit]
Immediate response[edit]
Swedish police officer in tactical gear on patrol the day after the attack in Stockholm
Swedish Prime Minister
Stefan Löfven said in a press statement that the attack appeared to be
terrorism, and that police and security services were treating it as such.
[24] Two days after the attack, Löfven said the following:
[25][26]
I wish today to first address you who grieve someone you've lost or worry for someone who is injured. You should know that all of Sweden is with you. We know that our enemies are these awful murderers – not one-another.
King
Carl XVI Gustaf, on behalf of the
Royal Family, gave their condolences, stating, "Our hearts go out to the victims of this terrible tragedy, and to their families."
[27]
Swedish media reported on those who chose to help the injured, especially medical doctors working nearby who ran to help those in need.
[28] Police from all over Stockholm were called in to assist after the attack.
[29][30]
Swedish border controls were tightened following the attack, and travelers from other countries, including Nordic countries, were advised by police to bring their passports.
[31] However, the
Swedish Security Service (Säpo) did not raise the risk assessment from "level 3" (on a scale of 1 to 5), the level it had been at since 2010.
[32]
On the day of the attack, Norwegian police said officers in the country's largest cities and at
Oslo Airport would be armed.
[33] The day after the attack, a man was arrested and part of the
Grønland district of
Oslo closed off by police after a "bomb-like" device was found, which was later destroyed in a controlled explosion.
[34] The man, a 17-year-old Russian citizen, was charged on 9 April with illegal possession of an explosive device. The man arrived with his family in Norway as an asylum seeker in 2010, and was known to the
Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) for having expressed support for the
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS).
[35] With his background from the
Caucasus, the 17-year-old has been linked to two other young
Chechenmen from the same martial arts club in the northern village
Vadsø who
traveled to fight for ISIS in Syria.
[36] The events led PST to raise the terror alert, indicating that attempted attacks during the coming year are "likely".
[35] Police patrols were also increased in
Finland's capital
Helsinki.
[37]
Reactions[edit]
Domestic[edit]
Flowers just outside the Åhléns department store in Stockholm the day after the attack
On 9 April, Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Löfven said the government intended to change immigration law to facilitate the removal of people whose applications to stay in Sweden have been rejected.
[38]
On 9 April, more than forty thousand people gathered on
Sergels torg (Sergel's Square) in Stockholm to honor the victims.
[39]Many people visited the site of the attack, leaving flowers and candles for the victims on Sergels Torg and on Drottninggatan,
[40][41] resulting in what was described as a "sea of flowers".
[42] Flowers were also left at
Götaplatsen in Sweden's second-biggest city
Gothenburg.
[43]
After the attack, there were proposals in
Aftonbladet—one of Sweden's biggest newspapers—that vehicles be banned from Stockholm city center so they cannot be used as weapons, citing the use of vehicles as terrorist weapons in
Nice,
Berlin,
Jerusalem,
London, and Stockholm.
[44]
The department store Åhléns had planned to re-open two days after the attack, but received heavy criticism after saying they would be selling smoke-damaged clothing at reduced rates. Åhléns later chose to stay closed for one more day and not to sell any damaged clothing.
[45]
The Swedish
far-right was accused of trying to profit from the attack, producing
fake news and circulating fake quotations online. This included tweets and social media posts from officials of the
Sweden Democrats, a right-wing nationalist party.
[46] A man with a name similar to that of the main suspect was falsely implicated on the website
Avpixlat.
[46][47]
Following the attack, the
social media website
Facebook was criticized for not deleting images of badly wounded or dead victims.
[48] On 11 April, a Facebook spokesman said the website had begun deleting the images.
[49] Swedish authorities started cracking down on
illegal immigrants in the country after the attack.
[50]
International[edit]
Responses by the heads of state or foreign ministers of several European countries were issued within hours of the attack. However, discussion among US news media and officials was dominated by the
American missile strike in Syria, which happened the same day.
[53]
Stéphane Dujarric, the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General of the
United Nations, said, "Our sympathy goes to the families of the victims and all those affected and we wish the injured a prompt recovery. The United Nations stands in solidarity with the people and Government of Sweden".
[54] Pope Francis also said prayers for the victims of the attack.
[55]
Danish government minister
Inger Støjberg expressed concerns that at least 12,000
illegal immigrants were still living in Sweden after having their asylum applications rejected. She said that if satisfactory answers could not be given by the Swedish government, Denmark would consider implementing border checks on the Danish side of the border. The only border checks done in April 2017 were on the Swedish side.
[56]
Suspect[edit]
Swedish police initially published pictures of a man wearing a hooded jacket, who they wanted to question over the attack. At 19:55 (17:55
UTC) on 7 April,
Rakhmat Akilov, a 39-year-old construction worker
[57] from Uzbekistan, was apprehended in
Märsta, north of Stockholm,
[24][58] suspected, on probable cause,
[a] of "
terrorist crimes through murder".
[59] The police said he had been found "behaving suspiciously with minor injuries"
[16] and was believed to have driven the truck.
[60] He was officially arrested at 01:15 on 8 April,
[58][61] and formally identified by the
Swedish Prosecution Authority on 11 April.
[62]
The Swedish Security Service (Säpo) was heavily involved in the investigation. In 2016, Säpo had received some information on the suspect, but were unable to confirm it when they followed up on it.
[63] They reportedly deemed him a "marginal figure" on the fringes of extremist groups.
[64]
Akilov came from a Russian speaking family from a village outside
Samarkand, currently in Uzbekistan. His older brother Olim Akilov stated in an interview with Swedish newspaper
Aftonbladet that they considered themselves a "typical Soviet family", and he mentions that they did not welcome the collapse of the
USSR. According to the brother, neither Rakhmat Akilov nor his children were ever religious, and Rakhmat didn't attend mosque in Russia or Uzbekistan or show signs of increased religiosity. Akilov moved to Russia in 2009 to work at the same cement factory outside
Moscow as his older brother, which he did until 2013 when he lost this job.
[65]
As stated by Akilov during police interrogation, in
Tashkent he applied for a visa to
Poland, after which travelled to
Warsaw and then
Gdansk, from where he took a ferry to Sweden.
[66]
Akilov arrived in Sweden on 10 October 2014. He claimed asylum at the
Swedish Migration Agency.
[67] The agency registered his application under the given
fake name although his true identity was known and despite that according to the
Dublin Regulation his application should have been handled in Poland, as he already had a visa there.
[67][66] Akilov stated he needed refuge from "the Uzbek security services which he claims tortured him and accused him of terrorism and treason".
[67]However, Sweden's Migration Board ruled that there was no evidence of this, and in late 2016, Akilov was ordered to leave Sweden within four weeks.
[68] When he failed to do so voluntarily and did not appear at the Swedish Migration Agency when called, the case was referred to the police;
[69] however, he went into hiding and could not be found for
deportation.
[70] Reportedly, he lived at various addresses in Stockholm suburbs and was known as a hard worker, and a "normal Muslim" who visited the mosque on Fridays but got drunk on weekends and used cannabis.
[71] Shortly before the attack, Akilov was fired from his construction job, due to using drugs and sleeping while at work on dangerous construction sites with asbestos.
[72]
On 9 April, Swedish police said Akilov had "expressed sympathy for extremist organizations, among them IS [Islamic State]".
[6][70][73] On 14 April,
Uzbek Foreign Minister Abdulaziz Kamilov said that Akilov had joined ISIL after moving to Sweden, and had encouraged friends and family in Uzbekistan to fight for ISIL.
[7] Uzbekistan had opened an investigation and charged Akilov with participation in extremist, separatist and fundamentalist groups, as well as with making and distributing material that threatened public security.
[74] An Uzbek security source said Akilov had tried to travel to Syria in 2015 to join ISIL but was stopped at the Turkey-Syria border and sent back to Sweden. The source added that, two months before the attack, Uzbek authorities had put Akilov on a wanted list for those suspected of religious extremism.
[7] The Foreign Minister said that intelligence on Akilov had been "passed to one of our Western partners, so that the Swedish side could be informed". The Swedish
Ministry for Foreign Affairs said it had not received such information. ISIS has not claimed responsibility for the attack, but experts note that the group tends not to do so if its members are arrested, as in the Stockholm attack.
[74]
Akilov was registered at the same address as another person with links to financial crime. Initial suspicions of those involved sending money to ISIS could not be confirmed, though a number of people were convicted of false accounting and severe tax crimes.
[75] Early reports suggested Akilov had exchanged
WhatsAppmessages with a
Chechen ISIL supporter just before and immediately after the attack.
[76] The authenticity of the chat was questioned, however.
[77] His former
Facebook page reportedly linked to extremists and featured at least two ISIS propaganda videos.
[64] It has also been suggested that he had
liked a Facebook page called "Friends of Libya and Syria", whose aim is to expose the "terrorism of the imperialistic financial capitals" of the United States, Britain, and Arab "dictatorships".
[78]During his time in prison, Akilov had made "
Hitler salutes" and
racially insulted personnel, leading to an investigation for racial agitation
[79] which was later dropped as the threats and insults were directed to specific individuals and not made public. Akilov has shown aggressive tendencies in prison, which requires him to be protected by four employees, including one armed.
[80]
According to the prosecutor, Akilov's motive for carrying out the attack was to make the Swedish government cease its military training effort in Iraq.
[8]
Legal proceedings[edit]
The public prosecutor successfully requested Akilov be
remanded in custody (in Swedish,
häktad[b]) during the preliminary investigation on 10 April 2017, pending a decision on prosecution.
[82] According to his lawyer, he "has expressed the explicit wish to be defended by a lawyer who is
Sunni Muslim".
[62] His request was rejected by the
Stockholm District Court.
[83] A pre-trial hearing was held at Stockholm District Court on 11 April, where his lawyer said he confessed to a terrorist crime and intends to plead guilty.
[84] A court-ordered psychological evaluation determined that Akilov did not suffer from any mental disorder at the time of the attack.
[85] The prosecutor indicted Akilov for terrorist crimes on 30 January 2018.
[86]
Rakhmat Akilov was formally charged on 30 January 2018. The leading prosecutor in the case was Hans Ihrman, who submitted the indictment to the Stockholm District Court.
[87]
On 7 June 2018, the court found Akilov guilty of terrorist crimes by five murders, attempted terrorist crimes by 119 counts of attempted murder and 24 counts of endangering others. He was sentenced to life in prison, and following his jail time
[88] he will be deported and banned from returning to Sweden.
[9]
Akilov's public defender Johan Eriksson stated on 11 June 2018 that Akilov does not intend to appeal against his sentence.
[89] Akilov will be legally allowed to request a time-set prison sentence in 2028. If released, he would be deported to Uzbekistan.
[90]
Akilov was imprisoned in
Kumla Prison, a high security facility. In August 2018, he was assaulted by a fellow inmate who wanted vengeance for Akilov's terrorist attack.
[91]
Further investigation[edit]
On 8 April, five other people were detained by police. Three of them were detained after a car, the owner of which was linked to the main suspect, was stopped on
Kungsholmen. In the suburb of
Vårberg, police raided an apartment where the main suspect was said to have been just hours before the attack; there, they detained at least two people.
[92] As of 10 April, all of them had been released from police custody.
[93]
On 9 April, a second suspect was arrested on a lower level of suspicion of terrorist crimes through murder.
[94] The police confirmed apparent links between the second suspect and Rakhmat Akilov.
[95] On 11 April, the prosecutor revoked the arrest of the suspect. According to the prosecutor, the suspicions had weakened and there were therefore no grounds to apply for a detention order. The individual would however immediately be taken into police custody due to an earlier decision on expulsion from Sweden, as an application for legal residency in the country had been rejected.
[96]
On 10 April, police said that the investigation could take about one year to complete.
[95] On 13 April, police said that they had held about 700 interrogations and made approximately 300 seizures during the preliminary investigation.
[97]
On 23 April, another person was arrested for an undisclosed offense.
[98][99] Two days later, on 25 April, the arrest was revoked as the person was cleared of any involvement in the attack.
[100]
See also[edit]
- ^ The highest level of suspicion for terror crime under current Swedish law.[59]
- ^ Häktning is a pre-trial supervision measure pursuant to Swedish law, meaning that a suspect can be detained by a court in the case of crimes for which there is a prison term of one year or more.
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- ^ Radio, Sveriges. "New details about 39-year-old terror suspect - Radio Sweden". Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- ^ "Stockholm attack suspect 'exchanged Whatsapp messages with Isis supporter before and after rampage'". The Independent. 2017-04-10. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
- ^ "Uppgifter om terrorist-chatt tillbakavisas". Dagens Nyheter. 10 April 2017.
- ^ "Suspect in Stockholm truck attack admits terrorist crime". Reuters. 2017-04-11. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-11. A Facebook page appearing to belong to him showed he was following a group called "Friends of Libya and Syria", dedicated to exposing "terrorism of the imperialistic financial capitals" of the United States, Britain and Arab "dictatorships".
- ^ "Stockholm terror suspect subject of racial agitation investigation". 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
- ^ "Förundersökning mot Akilov om hets mot folkgrupp läggs ner". Expressen (in Swedish). Retrieved 2017-09-20.
- ^ "Islamistisk organisation uppmanar muslimer att inte rösta - DN.SE". DN.SE (in Swedish). 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
- ^ "Application for a detention order in terrorist case". Swedish Prosecution Authority. 10 April 2017.
- ^ "Rakhmat Akilov ville byta bort advokaten". Expressen (in Swedish). 2017-04-10. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
- ^ Anderson, Christina (2017-04-11). "Stockholm Attack Suspect Will Plead Guilty, His Lawyer Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
- ^ "Stockholm terror suspect was mentally fit at time of attack, doctors judge". 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
- ^ "Invitation to a press conference – prosecution for terrorist crimes in Stockholm". www.aklagare.se. 2018-01-23. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
- ^ "Stockholm terror suspect Akilov formally charged - DN.SE". DN.SE. 2018-01-30. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ It is very common for Swedish life sentences to be commuted through acts of clemency, thus reducing the sentence to a set number of years. See Life imprisonment in Sweden.
- ^ "Rakhmat Akilov överklagar inte domen". Dagens Nyheter. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ Svahn, Clas (8 June 2018). "Om tio år kan Akilov begära tidsbestämt straff". Dagens Nyheter. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ Nyheter, SVT (2018-08-09). "Akilov attackerad av gängkriminell inne på Kumlabunkern". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 2018-08-09.
- ^ "Attack in central Stockholm: 4 dead – explosives found in lorry". Aftonbladet. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
- ^ "Tidslinje över dådet i Stockholm - Nyheter (Ekot)" (in Swedish). Sveriges Radio. Archived from the original on 9 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- ^ Polisen. "2017-04-07 14:53, Kontroll person/fordon, Stockholm". Polisen.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Polisen. "Två anhållna för terrorbrott". Polisen.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- ^ Swedish Prosecution Authority. "Arrest revoked in terrorist case". Aklagare.se. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ Polisen (2017-04-13). "Fortsatta arbetet i terrorutredningen". Polisen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- ^ Polisen. "En person anhållen i utredningen kring dådet på Drottninggatan". Polisen.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
- ^ "Police charge second suspect for Stockholm attack - Radio Sweden". Sveriges Radio. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
- ^ Swedish Prosecution Authority. "Den anhållna personen i utredningen kring dådet på Drottninggatan släppt". Aklagare.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
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