https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/from-rebel-to-strongman-how-daniel-ortega-became-the-thing-he-fought-against/2018/08/24/117d000a-97fe-11e8-818b-e9b7348cd87d_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.79dd5999b2cb
After one term, a war-weary nation voted Ortega out of power in 1990.
2006-2018: Ortega returns and consolidates power
The Ortega who recaptured the presidency in 2006 — after losing three straight elections — had dropped the Marxism, toned down the anti-Americanism and amped up his talk of peace and Christian values. He reached out to the private sector and cultivated foreign investment. Hundreds of millions of dollars in cheap Venezuelan oil provided by Hugo Chávez’s government padded the budget and boosted social programs.
“For a majority of people, he is an assassin, he is a criminal, he is a torturer,” said Baltodano, the Sandinista historian and former Ortega ally. “He’s already been defeated strategically.”
Ismael Lopez Ocampo contributed to this report.
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https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/coups-proxy-wars/
Where political leaders were determined to adopt socialist or nationalist policies, the US adopted punitive measures, such as trade embargoes or the suspension of aid. Where this failed, CIA agents were often tasked with bringing about what is today referred to as “regime change”. They did this by identifying enemies of the government or potential coup leaders, then providing them with funds, weapons, intelligence and political backing. These American agents were seldom directly involved in coups or assassinations but they certainly contributed to their success.
During the Cold War, the United States and its allies supported Cold War coups, attempted coups or insurgencies in a number of locations. Countries that endured Cold War-related regime change included Tibet (1950), Iraq (1958), Cuba (1960), Bolivia (1970), Uganda (1971), Argentina (1976), Pakistan (1977), Afghanistan (1978), Iran (1979), the Central African Republic (1979) and Turkey (1980). Both the US and USSR were involved in civil wars in Malaya (1948-60), Laos (1953-1975), Cambodia (1967-75) Ethiopia (1974-91), Lebanon (1975-90) and El Salvador (1980-92). During the Cold War Washington sent American troops into Vietnam (1965-75), the Dominican Republic (1965), Lebanon (1982), Grenada (1983) and Panama (1989). Some of these Cold War coups and interventions are briefly outlined below:
cuba and nicaragua: the path to communism - jstor
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20751126.pdf RAFAEL A. LECUONA
International Journal on World Peace
Vol. 4, No. 2 (APR-JUN 1987), pp. 105-125
both Cuba and Nicaragua in their road to communism. 1. Elitism. In the consideration ..... a determined anti-United States bias and pro-Soviet position. .... Vietnam. In August 1960, Che Guevara was defining the Cuban Revolution as a Marxist .Nicaragua is turning into another Cuba with a Marxist Lenninist communist system under the leadership and control of the Soviet Union. The struggle for development of all societies is nothing but the clashing of the values of the elite, who are convinced that their views are best for their societies. If the elite's performance leads to backwardness, both economic and political, then the elite's performance can be said to be "dysfunctional." Cuba, which today is found lacking in both economic and political development, illustrates how the ruling elite that took over since 1959 deliberately and systematically led the way toward communization. Cuba's embrace of the communist ideology has brought that nation economic and political backwardness. Nicaragua seems to be following the same path to communism.
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